Reliable techniques for integrated circuit identification and true random number generation using 1.5-transistor flash memory

Flash memory bits, like other integrated circuit (IC) devices, are prone to random variability in their actual versus nominal characteristics. We present the use of 1.5-transistor flash memory cells in physically unclonable functions leveraging their erase speed variability. This type of memory is interesting for the internet of things due to its wide availability as intellectual property at foundries. Using experimentally measured results, we show simple methods that provide high reliability with no or limited need for helper data and error correction. High quality fingerprints for IC identification are demonstrated. Moreover, techniques to remove systematic variations from the array response are shown, allowing the resulting binary strings to pass all National Institute of Standards and Technology tests for randomness. Consequently, with low complexity helper functions, true random numbers can be readily produced.     

赵庄井田煤层气成藏条件研究

煤层气成藏条件研究是有效划分成藏类型或含气系统，煤层气富集高渗有利区预测、评价及优选的关键基础工作。基于赵庄井田煤层气地质条件及相关测试资料，借鉴前人研究成果，从煤生烃、煤层气储集和煤层气封盖保存条件等方面对赵庄井田煤层气成藏条件进行了研究。研究结果表明:煤中丰富的生烃物质在良好的生烃动力作用下，提高了生烃率和生烃量，为煤层气成藏提供了基础条件；煤变质程度高，促使煤中微小孔隙发育，煤层气储集能力增强和储集空间增大，有利于煤层气大量储存和富集；煤层埋深、围岩特性、构造及地下水径流等地质条件的有机匹配，为煤层气成藏提供了良好的封盖保存条件，是煤层气成藏的关键因素。     

Carbon vacancies improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation of g-C3N4 photocatalyst via magnesium vapor etching

Vacancies engineering was widely reported as the promising strategy for the improvement of the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. In current work, carbon vacancies are constructed successfully in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) photocatalyst via magnesium vapor etching. Experimental results show that the formed carbon vacancies in g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst can significantly improve the photocatalytic H₂ generation performance. XRD, FTIR, SEM/TEM, XPS and PL characterization data are employed to evidence the construction of carbon vacancies, which are revealed to be the reason for the enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution. This work develops an alternative route to construct carbon vacancies in g-C₃N₄ materials and gives an insight into the influence of vacancies on the photocatalytic performance of photocatalysts.     

Adomian decomposition method for the MHD flow of a viscous fluid with the influence of dissipative heat energy

An investigation is carried out on the effect of dissipative heat energy on the flow of an electrically conducting viscous fluid past a shrinking sheet. Both viscous and Joule dissipation effects are considered along with heat generation/absorption for the enhancement of heat transfer properties. The governing nonlinear coupled partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by a suitable choice of similarity transformations. However, the complex transformed equations are solved by an approximate analytical method known as the Adomian decomposition method with a suitable initial guess solution assumed from the known initial conditions. Moreover, the behavior of several parameters characterizing the flow phenomena are studied via graphs and the numerical computations for the engineering coefficients are obtained and presented through tables. However, the major outcomes of the results are that a higher suction is required to resist the fluid temperature and sinks as well as the dissipative heat energy favors enhancing the fluid temperature at all points in the flow domain.     

A review on hydrogen generation,explosion, and mitigation during severe accidents in light water nuclear reactors

Progress of severe accident (SA) can be divided into core degradation and post core meltdown. An important phenomena during severe accidents is the hydrogen generation from exothermal reaction between oxidation of core components, and molten core concrete interaction (MCCI). During the severe accidents, a large amounts of hydrogen is produced, deflagrated and consequently the containment integrity is violated. Therefore, the main objectives of this study is to highlight the source of hydrogen production during SA. First, a thorough literature review and main sources of hydrogen production, hydrogen reduction systems are introduced and discussed. Based on the available results, the amount of produced hydrogen in a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) and a boiling water reactor (BWR) are estimated to be 1000 and 4000 kg, respectively during in-vessel phase. The average rate of hydrogen production is about 1 kg/s during reflooding of a degraded core. Also, about 2000 kg hydrogen is produced during MCCI for a PWR. The lower and upper range of hydrogen required to initiate combustion is 4.1 and 74 vol percent, respectively. In this paper a review is provided of what has been done in the literature with regard to hydrogen generation in severe accidents of nuclear power plants. In addition, the review identifies the literature gaps and underlines the need of developing a systematic hydrogen management strategy. A hydrogen management strategy is proposed in order to maintain the containment integrity against the probable combustion or hydrogen explosion loads.     

Synthesis of polymer supported Ni (II)-Schiff Base complex and its usage as a catalyst in sodium borohydride hydrolysis

Influence of using as catalysis, Ni-Schiff Base complex which we previously synthesized [1] used to support with amberzyme oxirane resin (A.O.R.) polymer for increasing the catalytic activity in NaBH₄ hydrolysis reaction, to hydrogen generation was studied. The prepared catalyst was characterized by using SEM, XRD, BET, FT-IR analyze technique. Polymer supported Ni-Schiff Base complex catalyzed NaBH₄ hydrolysis reaction was investigated depending on concentration of NaBH₄, concentration of NaOH, temperature, percentage of Ni complex in total polymer supported Ni-Schiff Base complex and amount of catalyst factors. The maximum hydrogen production rate from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride with nickel-based complex catalyst compared to the pure nickel catalyst is increased from 772 mL H₂·g^?1 cat.·min^?1 to 2240 mL H₂ g^?1 cat.·min^?1 [1], and with supported amberzyme oxirane resin polymer this nickel based complex catalyst was increased to 13000 mL H₂·g^?1 cat.·min^?1 at 30 °C. The activation energy of complex catalyzed NaBH₄ hydrolysis reaction was found as 25.377 kJ/mol. This work also includes kinetic information for the hydrolysis of NaBH₄.     

小型煤矿低浓度瓦斯发电技术及应用效果研究

针对云南富源县辖区内大量小型煤矿抽采的低浓度瓦斯未开展有效利用的问题，以区内某小型煤矿为背景，采用现场调研、分析归纳、理论计算相结合的方法对其低浓度瓦斯发电项目展开分析研究。研究表明，某小型煤矿低浓度瓦斯发电项目成功的关键是“瓦斯治理先行”理念主导下的气源保障综合技术体系。在气源得以保障的基础上，该小型煤矿低浓度瓦斯发电项目已经持续高效运行4年，每年创造经济收益约403.2万元，减排CO2约4.47万t；同时促进了煤矿瓦斯治理工作有效落实，提高了煤矿安全生产水平，保障了煤矿产量的达标。     

涡流空气分级机熵产与分级性能分析

利用热力学第二定律中的熵产理论对涡流空气分级机各不可逆因素引起的熵产进行分析，通过粉料分级试验对其分级性能进行验证，获得了黏性熵产、湍流熵产和壁面熵产分布特点及操作参数对熵产和分级精度的影响规律。熵产分析结果表明，涡流空气分级机内湍流熵产和壁面熵产占总熵产的比例高达56.41%和43.11%，湍流熵产主要产生于转笼叶片间和转笼内部，进风口和细粉出口壁面剪切引起较大壁面熵产；此外，转笼转速和进口风速变化分别仅对转笼区域和切向进风口区域内气流运动熵产影响较大，进口风速-转笼转速处于8.6m/s、 800r/min和18m/s、1200r/min操作工况附近时，涡流空气分级机内总熵产/总能变化率较小，分级流场稳定性较高，对粗、细颗粒分离有利，该工况下分级机的粉料分级试验效果较好，说明熵产理论可用于涡流分级机内流动分析及其操作参数的优化匹配。     

Effect of carriers on deposition morphologies and catalytic performances of NiCo2O4

In this study, NiCo₂O₄ with different morphologies were fabricated using carriers by homogeneous coprecipitation combined with a sintering method. The phase and microstructure were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM and BET, and the catalytic performances were investigated by NaBH₄ hydrolysis experiments. These studies revealed that the deposition morphology of NiCo₂O₄ can be adjusted by using different kinds of carrier templates, and the supported NiCo₂O₄ samples presented the pine-needle-like, network-like, ball-cactus-like and dandelion-like morphologies respectively. The optimal catalytic activity, durability and stability make the network-like NiCo₂O₄ an appropriate catalyst for hydrogen generation of NaBH₄ hydrolysis. It was found that the network-like NiCo₂O₄ is the most reusable and durable catalyst for ten consecutive cycles and 100% hydrogen generation conversion rate without obvious decrease among these morphologies.     

采用绝热式自燃测试方法分析煤的自燃倾向

对煤的自燃倾向进行快速有效鉴别,有助于对煤的自燃倾向采取分级分类管理从而有效防治煤矿火灾,因而采用绝热式自燃测试方法对煤的自燃倾向进行准确分析很有必要。简要介绍绝热式自燃测试方法的测试原理及其仪器结构,模拟煤炭自燃的物理过程,通过采用包括反应器、气体预热铜管和跟踪温度控制方式等综合绝热措施以实现300 g煤样的自然发火实验,记录煤样从40℃上升到70℃的升温速率(或前30 h的升温速率),测试煤样的自燃特性曲线并分析曲线特征。即建立煤绝热氧化产热速率计算模型,结合实验数据计算所得的煤在绝热氧化条件下的升温速率和产热速率可鉴定煤自燃倾向性的强弱。采用绝热式自燃测试方法对不同煤的自燃倾向分析后表明,无烟煤和部分烟煤的自燃倾向较低,褐煤的自燃倾向较高,故而在煤矿开采时需特别注意褐煤的自燃倾向。